![]() ![]() The Great Bend aspect occupants of the project locality, part of the Lower Walnut focus, traded primarily with non-Great Bend aspect groups to the southwest, south-southeast, and east. ![]() Trading patterns are evaluated through the analysis of nonlocal materials. Analysis of stone tools and ceramics demonstrates very little technological or stylistic change through the period of Great Bend aspect component. ![]() Plant remains indicate the cultivation of maize, squash, beans, tobacco, and a variety of native domesticates, though the latter species clearly were being de-emphasized at this locality, eclipsed by the strong role of maize. Terrestrial fauna, especially bison, were the most commonly exploited animal resources, riverine resources, with the exception of mussels, were largely ignored. Great Bend aspect subsistence is explored through analysis of plant and animal remains. The chronometric analysis shows that the Great Bend aspect component was present in the region minimally between 14 of the Common Era (CE). Excavation and analytical techniques are presented, including feature descriptions, sampling strategies, and an analysis of radiocarbon ages and archaeomagnetic dates. The report emphasizes accounts of archeological research on the Great Bend aspect in Kansas and surrounding areas, providing background for the current analysis. ![]() It also includes a discussion of the cultural historical sequence of south-central Kansas up to and including Wichita history and tribal movements. This report describes the environmental setting of the lower Walnut River valley and its confluence with the Arkansas River at Arkansas City, Kansas, including a summary of the geomorphology of the Lower Walnut drainage. Only the Great Bend aspect component produced substantial information, the analysis of the other components does not go beyond documenting the location and nature of the recovered material culture. Four components are represented at the sites: the Late Archaic, Woodland, Great Bend aspect, and Historic period. In the end, over 600 subsurface pit features were excavated, along with numerous features of other types. The project area is situated on the floor and adjacent uplands of the Walnut River valley east of the City of Arkansas City in southern Cowley County. In 1994, the Archeology Office of the Kansas Historical Society (KSHS) initiated excavations to mitigate the impact to eight recorded archaeological sites-Larcom-Haggard, 14CO1 Arkansas City Country Club, 14CO3 Schrope, 14CO331 Havelock, 14CO332 Living the Dream, 14CO382 Radio Lane, 14CO385 Killdeer, 14CO501 and Thompson Gardens, 14CO1509-in the path of the proposed Arkansas City Bypass and Levee Project. ![]()
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